Post-Stroke Survivors: The Relationship between Clinical Characteristics and the Levels of Depression

Post-Stroke Depression
Vol. 10 No. 2 : 2015 (98-102)

BALA KRISHNIAN M BALA KRISHNIAN M
Leong JWS Leong JWS
Lye MS Lye MS
JOHAR MJ JOHAR MJ
Ismail MS Ismail MS

Abstract
Stroke is frequently associated with long-term disability. It is led to a high risk of physical and neuropsychological consequences. Residual disabilities among post-stroke survivors can lead them to depression. This study aimed to determine the relationship between clinical characteristics and the levels of depression among post-stroke survivors at a teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur. This cross-sectional study recruited 195 post-stroke survivors who attended follow-up Rehabilitation Clinic of a teaching hospital over a study period of 4 months. Information collected included socio-demographic, clinical characteristics (post stroke duration, stroke types and stroke severities) and level of depression. Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess the level of depression. The mean age of participants was 61 years (SD=13.86, range: 22-87 years), with 118 male and 81 female survivors having a median duration of post-stroke of 12 months (range: 1–79 months). This study showed post stroke survivors 116 (59.5 %) with depression. A Chi-square test for level of stroke severity was significantly associated with depression, χ2 (2, n=195) = 28.724, p< 0.001, phi = 0.384. The results of the present study showed that survivors with mild stroke have less depression (44.0 %) compared to moderate stroke (81.7 %) and severe stroke (87.5%).
Keywords : depression, post-stroke survivor, stroke severity,
Abstrak
Strok sering dikaitkan dengan ketidakupayaan jangka panjang. Ia memberi kesan negatif kepada pesakit strok akibat gangguan fizikal dan neuropsikologi. Ketidakupayaan dalam kalangan pesakit strok akan mendorong mereka mengalami kemurungan. Kajian ini adalah bertujuan untuk menentukan hubungan antara ciri-ciri klinikal dan tahap kemurungan dalam kalangan pesakit strok di Hospital Pengajaran di Kuala Lumpur. Kajian keratan rentas ini melibatkan 195 pesakit strok yang menghadiri rawatan susulan di Klinik Pemulihan Hospital Pengajaran bagi tempoh 4 bulan. Maklumat yang dikumpul termasuk sosio-demografi, data klinikal (tempoh pos strok, jenis strok dan keterukan strok) dan tahap kemurungan. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) digunakan untuk menilai tahap kemurungan pesakit strok. Keputusan menunjukkan min umur pesakit adalah 61 tahun (SD = 13,86, julat: 22-87 tahun), dengan 118 dan 81 pesakit wanita yang mempunyai tempoh masa dengan median 12 bulan selepas strok (julat: 1-79 bulan). Kajian ini menunjukkan 116 (59.5 %) mengalami kemurugan. Ujian Chi-kuasa dua untuk tahap keterukan strok nyata berkaitan dengan kemurungan, χ2 (2, n = 195) = 28,724, p <0.001, phi = 0,384. Kajian ini menunjukkan pesakit yang mengalami jenis strok ringan mempunyai kemurungan kurang (44.0%) berbanding dengan strok sederhana (81.7%) dan strok yang teruk (87.5%)
Kata Kunci : Kemurungan, keterukan strok, pesakit strok,

Correspondance Address
Bala Krishnian M, Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tel: +603-91455495 Fax: +603-91456577 Email: blrmsh@yahoo.com