Age Estimation by Using Aspartic Acid Racemization from Purified Elastin of Aorta
Age Estimation by Aspartic Acid Racemization
Abstract
Age estimation is the one of biological profiles which plays an important role in identification in forensic field. The application of biochemical approach known as aspartic acid racemization in human provides more accuracy and less error of estimated age in age determination. During aging, amino acids within protein transform between D-and L-form (racemization), which results in increasing concentration of D-amino acids. This change of amino acids is related to aging. Aspartic acid has been generally applied in racemization because it has fastest rate of racemization. Racemization of aspartic acid not only takes place in teeth and many kinds of bone, but also can occur in the flexible structure which contain mostly elastin. For example, skin yellow ligament, lung parenchyma, and aorta. Elastin is essential protein which is comprised most composition of several structures and it is major content in the elastic fibers. Additionally, elastin is the longest lasting protein in the body with slow metabolic turnover rate. Recently, there is a purification technique to obtain only single protein in human aorta. There was a good correlation between degree of racemization (D/L ratio) and age.Therefore, aspartic acid racemization by purifies elastin from aorta is a one of indicator for age estimation.This review provides an overview of aspartic acid racemization, elastin protein, purification method bases on racemization and the application of D/L ratio by purified of elastin in artery for age estimation.
Keywords :
age,
artery,
aspartic acid,
elastin,
estimation,
forensic science,
racemization,
Abstrak
Penganggaran umur dalam pemprofilan biologi adalah penting dalam pengenalpastian mangsa dalam bidang forensik. Penggunaan kaedah biokima yang dikenali sebagai peraseman asid aspartik dalam manusia adalah lebih jitu dan memberi ralat yang lebih kecil dalam pengaggaran umur. Semasa penuaan, asid amino dalam protein bertukar di antara format D dan L (peraseman) dan kandungan asid amino-D meningkat. Perubahan ini adalah selaras dengan penuaan. Peraseman asid aspartik digunakan secara lumrah kerana proses perasemannya yang paling cepat. Peraseman asid aspartik berlaku bukan sahaja pada gigi dan pelbagai tulang, tetapi juga pada struktur mudah lentur yang mengandungi banyak elastin. Sebagai contoh, ia berlaku di ligamen kuning kulit, parakima peparu dan aorta. Elastin merupakan protein penting yang terkandung dalam beberapa struktur dan ia merupakan kandungan penting dalam fiber elastik. Tambahan pula, elastin, dengan kadar metaboliknya yang rendah, adalah protein yang paling tahan lama di dalam badan. Kebelakangan ini, teknik penulenan protein untuk mendapatkan satu protein dalam aorta manusia telah dibangunkan. Terdapat korelasi yang baik di antara kadar peraseman (nisbah D/L) dan umur. Maka, peraseman asid aspartik dengan menulenkan elastin dari aorta merupakan penanda penganggaran umur. Ulasan ini memberi gambaran keseluruhan tentang peraseman asid aspartik, protein elastin, teknik penulenan berlandaskan peraseman dan penggunaan nisbah D/L daripada penulenan elastin dari arteri untuk penganggaran umur.
Kata Kunci :
arteri,
asid aspartik,
elastin,
penganggaran,
peraseman,
sains forensik,
umur,
Correspondance Address
Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh. Excellence Center in Osteology Research and Training Center (ORTC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. Tel: +66-53-949-474 Fax: +66-53-945-304 E-mail: pasuk034@gmail.com
