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Tualang Honey Promotes Apoptosis of the A549 Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Line via Modulation of PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway-Related Proteins

Original article

Abstrak

Isyarat fosfatidilinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks)/protein kinase B (AKT) sering diekspresikan secara berlebihan dalam adenokarsinoma paru-paru dan dikaitkan dengan karsinogenesis melalui proliferasi sel, dan penyahaktifan apoptosis; dan ia juga meningkatkan rintangan terhadap ubat-ubatan kemoterapi. Walaupun madu tualang (TH) telah terbukti akan sifat antikansernya terhadap adenokarsinoma paru-paru, namun mekanisma asasnya masih belum dilaporkan. Oleh itu, kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji kesan rangsangan apoptosis TH terhadap sel A549 adenokarsinoma paru-paru dengan menggunakan Array Apoptosis Manusia RayBio® dan analisis kuantitatif cecair spektrometri-jisim tandem kromatografi tanpa label (LC-MS/MS) untuk menjelaskan tentang modulasi protein hulu dan hiliran pada isyarat PI3K/AKT. Kesan penggalakan apoptosis oleh TH dikaitkan dengan (i) peningkatan kawalan protein pro-apoptosis (iaitu cytochrome c, histon H1.2, dan histon H1.4) dan protein penindas tumor (iaitu IGFBP-3 dan IGFBP-5), dan (ii) penurunan XIAP, sistem faktor pertumbuhan insulin (IGF) (iaitu IGF-1, IGF1R, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 dan IGFBP-4), HSP90AB1, YWHAQ, endoplasmin dan ITGB1. Kesannya juga dikaitkan dengan penindasan reseptor kinase tirosin, integrin, protein G, CHUK, RAC1, dan JAK. Oleh itu, TH boleh merangsang apoptosis pada sel A549 adenokarsinoma paru-paru melalui pengubahan protein berkaitan isyarat PI3K/AKT. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian lanjut perlu dibuktikan oleh penglibatan model haiwan untuk menyediakan model pemahaman yang lebih baik.

Abstract

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway is frequently overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma and associated with carcinogenesis through cell proliferation, and apoptosis deactivation; and it also enhances chemotherapeutic drugs resistance. Tualang honey (TH) has proven anticancer property on lung adenocarcinoma. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unreported. Hence, this study investigates the apoptosis-inducing effect of TH on A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line using RayBio® Human Apoptosis Array and label-free quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis to elucidate the modulation of upstream and downstream proteins of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The apoptosis-promoting effects of TH were associated with (i) the upregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins (i.e. cytochrome c, histone H1.2, and histone H1.4) and tumor suppressor proteins (i.e. IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5), and (ii) downregulation of XIAP, insulin-growth factor (IGF) system (i.e. IGF-1, IGF1R, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-4), HSP90AB1, YWHAQ, endoplasmin, and ITGB1. The effects were also linked with the suppression of receptor tyrosine kinase, integrins, G proteins, CHUK, RAC1, and JAK. Thus, TH may promote apoptosis of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line through alteration of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-related proteins. However, further studies involving animal models to provide a better model of understanding would prove necessary.