Cognitive deficit has been an established complication following stroke. In this study, we aimed to systematically review genetic biomarkers that influenced cognitive deficit following stroke. We systematically searched using multiple electronic databases, limited to human studies from January 2011 until August 6, 2021 using search-related terms. The review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). Out of the 6523 references were imported, 9 studies were included for final synthesis. This study revealed that inflammatory biomarkers such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met allele and G196A allele, Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Rheumatoid Factor (RF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Apoprotein E (ApoE) e4, and high sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T (hs-cTnT), were associated with cognitive impairment in stroke patients. Meanwhile, ApoE2 and the risk allele of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3744028 in Chr17q25 locus were protective genes against post-stroke cognitive impairment. ApoE3 presented in all post-stroke patients. This review showed that inflammatory, cardiac, and ApoE biomarkers play an important role in predicting cognitive function post-stroke. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of cognitive outcome following a stroke can guide researchers and clinicians in developing future precision and personalised treatment for stroke.