Pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AI) and finger photoplethysmography fitness index (PPGF) are non-invasive markers of vascular function and may predict future cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. In women, the changes from both oestrogen and progesterone levels during menstrual cycle may give significant impact on vascular function. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the variation of vascular function during follicular and luteal phase in healthy young women. Twenty-two healthy young women with regular menstrual cycle were recruited. Blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), PWV, AI, PPGF, estradiol (Es) and progesterone (Prog) level were measured during follicular (F) and mid-luteal (L) phase. Data was analyzed via SPSS version 20 and P value < 0.05 was considered to be significant. The mean age of the subjects was 22.73 ± 0.60 years. There was significant variations of estradiol and progesterone levels during menstrual cycle whereby the level of estradiol (EsF = 107.6 ± 52.56 pmol/L vs. EsL = 555.16 ± 152.79 pmol/L, P<0.05) and progesterone (ProgF = 0.62 ± 0.26 nmol/L vs. ProgL = 46.74 ± 14.59 nmol/L, P<0.05) were higher in mid-luteal compared to follicular phase. PWV value was higher during follicular phase when compared to mid-luteal phase (PWVF = 6.67 ± 0.66 m/s vs. PWVL = 6.31 ± 0.52 m/s, P=0.01). The levels of BP, BMI, PPGF (PPGFF = 55.43 ± 7.50% vs. PPGFL = 56.59 ± 7.23 %, P=0.41) and AI (AIF = 12.87 ± 5.13% vs. AIL = 10.80 ± 4.52%, P=0.11) were unchanged between the two phases. In conclusion, PWV differs between follicular and mid-luteal phases of menstrual cycle in healthy young women. Thus, history of menstrual cycle must be taken into account when assessing PWV among women.
The Changes of Aortic Stiffness During Normal Menstrual Cycle
Abstrak
Kelajuan gelombang nadi (PWV), indeks augmentasi (AI) dan indeks kecergasan fotopletismografi jari adalah petanda fungsi vaskular yang tidak invasif dan boleh meramal risiko penyakit kardiovaskular (CVD) pada masa depan. Dalam kalangan wanita, perubahan hormon estradiol dan progesteron semasa kitar haid dapat memberi kesan kepada fungsi vaskular. Oleh itu, kajian ini dilakukan untuk menyiasat variasi fungsi vaskular semasa fasa folikular dan luteal di kalangan wanita muda yang sihat. Seramai 22 orang wanita muda yang mempunyai kitar haid yang tetap telah terlibat. Tekanan darah (BP), indeks jisim tubuh (BMI), PWV, AI, PPGF, paras estradiol (Es) dan progesteron (Prog) telah diukur semasa fasa folikular (F) dan pertengahan luteal (L). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan SPPS versi 20 dan aras P<0.05 adalah dianggap signifikan. Purata umur subjek adalah 22.73 ± 0.60 tahun. Terdapat variasi yang signifikan pada hormon estradiol dan progesteron semasa kitaran haid iaitu paras estradiol (EsF = 107.6 ± 52.56 pmol/L vs. EsL = 555.16 ± 152.79 pmol/L, P<0.05) dan progesteron (ProgF = 0.62 ± 0.26 nmol/L vs. ProgL = 46.74 ± 14.59 nmol/L, P<0.05) adalah lebih tinggi semasa fasa pertengahan luteal berbanding fasa folikular. Paras PWV adalah lebih tinggi pada fasa folikular berbanding fasa pertengahan luteal (PWVF = 6.67 ± 0.66 m/s vs. PWVL = 6.31 ± 0.52 m/s, P=0.01). Paras BP, BMI, PPGF (PPGFF = 55.43 ± 7.50% vs. PPGFL = 56.59 ± 7.23%, P=0.41) dan AI (AIF = 12.87 ± 5.13% vs. AIL = 10.80 ± 4.52%, P=0.11) tidak berubah antara kedua-dua fasa. Kesimpulannya, PWV berubah antara fasa folikular dan fasa pertengahan luteal semasa kitaran haid di kalangan wanita muda. Oleh itu, sejarah kitaran haid perlu diambil kira semasa pengukuran PWV di kalangan wanita.
Kata kunci
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