Visual perceptual skills are important skills for an adult to carry out their daily activities such as reading, writing and driving, successfully. This study was conducted to determine the visual perceptual skills (non-motor) of a group of adults in Selangor, Malaysia. A total of 120 subjects from Selangor with the age ranging from 20 to 59 years were randomly recruited in this cross-sectional study. This study involved distance and near visual acuity measurements using Snellen chart and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) near vision chart, cognitive screening tests using the Mini Mental State Examination questionnaire (MMSE) as well as visual perceptual skills assessment (non-motor) using the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills (Non-Motor)-Revised (TVPS-R). The mean age of the subjects was 39.41+11.81 years old. Results showed that the mean standard scored obtained for Visual Discrimination (VD), Visual Memory (VM), Visual-Spatial Relationships (VSR), Visual Form Constancy (VFC), Visual Sequential Memory (VSM), Visual Figure-Ground (VFG) and Visual Closure (VC) subtests were 14.12+1.10, 13.42+1.58, 14.53+1.26, 12.47+1.03, 12.35+2.26, 13.67+1.64 and 13.73+2.23, respectively. Analysis of ANOVA shows that the VD, VM, and VSM scores are influenced by educational level (p<0.05). Pearson correlation showed a significant negative correlation between all the sub-tests of TVPS-R scores with age variation (p<0.05) except the VFC. Linear regression showed significant negative relationship between VD, VM, VSR and VSM with age. This research provided normative data of TVPS-R test on Malaysian adults for future reference and study.
Visual Perceptual Skills (non-motor) among Adults in Selangor of Malaysia
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Kemahiran persepsi visual adalah penting bagi golongan dewasa untuk menjalankan aktiviti harian mereka seperti membaca, menulis dan memandu. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menentukan kemahiran persepsi visual (bukan motor) dalam kalangan golongan dewasa di Selangor, Malaysia. Seramai 120 subjek dari Selangor yang berumur 20 hingga 59 tahun telah dipilih secara rawak dalam kajian keratan rentas ini. Kajian ini melibatkan pengukuran akuiti visual jauh dan dekat menggunakan carta Snellen dan carta penglihatan dekat Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), ujian saringan kognitif menggunakan soal selidik Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) serta penilaian kemahiran persepsi visual (bukan motor) menggunakan Ujian Kemahiran Persepsi Visual (Bukan Motor)-Revised (TVPS-R). Purata umur subjek ialah 39.41+11.81 tahun. Keputusan menunjukkan purata skor TVPS-R bagi setiap sub-ujian iaitu Visual Discrimination (VD), Visual Memory (VM), Visual-Spatial Relationships (VSR), Visual Form Constancy (VFC), Visual Sequential Memory (VSM), Visual Figure-Ground (VFG) dan Visual Closure (VC) adalah 14.12+1.10, 13.42+1.58, 14.53+1.26, 12.47+1.03, 12.35+2.26, 13.67+1.64 dan 13.73+2.23. Analisis ANOVA menunjukkan skor VD, VM dan VSM dipengaruhi oleh tahap pendidikan (p<0.05). Korelasi Pearson menunjukkan korelasi negatif yang signifikan antara semua skor sub-ujian TVPS-R dengan variasi umur (p<0.05) kecuali bagi sub-ujian VFC. Ujian regresi linear menunjukkan hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara VD, VM, VSR dan VSM dengan umur. Kajian ini memberikan data normatif ujian TVPS-R bagi golongan dewasa Malaysia untuk rujukan dan kajian pada masa depan.
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