In Malaysia, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) was the second highest in Perlis. Prevention and management of DM are largely dependent on self-care in our daily lives. Nonetheless, we have little information concerning factors influencing public engagement in DM self-practice, which might have contributed to the high prevalence of DM in Perlis. This study was conducted to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and factors associated with self-practice towards DM among the public in Kangar, Perlis. A cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2018 for three months. Eligible participants were invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire in public areas in Kangar. Descriptive analyses on the sociodemographic, medical backgrounds, knowledge, attitudes, and self-practice towards DM were performed. Independent t-test and Spearman’s correlation were performed to assess the association between sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, knowledge, and attitudes with self-practice towards DM. Multiple linear regression was used to adjust for potential confounding variables. A total of 319 respondents consented and participated in this study. Most of the respondents were female (66.5%), Malay (94%), and had tertiary education (51.7%). Overall, most participants had good scores on knowledge (80.3%), attitudes (98.4%), and self-practice (97.2%) towards DM. A statistically significant positive association was found between age, education level, and attitudes score with DM self-practice (p<0.05). This study suggests a well-structured educational program on diabetes self-care should start as early as in school to clarify public misconceptions on DM management.
Public Knowledge, Attitudes and Self-Practice towards Diabetes Mellitus in Kangar, Perlis
Abstrak
Di Malaysia, Perlis merupakan salah sebuah negeri yang menunjukkan angka tertinggi yang mempunyai pesakit diabetes mellitus (DM). Pencegahan dan pengurusan DM adalah bergantung kepada amalan kendiri dalam kehidupan seharian. Walau bagaimanapun, masih banyak informasi yang tidak diketahui mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penglibatan orang ramai dalam amalan kendiri terhadap DM yang mungkin telah menyumbang kepada prevalensi DM yang tinggi di Perlis. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk menilai pengetahuan, sikap, serta faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengan amalan kendiri terhadap DM di kalangan masyarakat di Kangar, Perlis. Kajian keratan rentas telah dilakukan bermula pada Jun 2018 selama tiga bulan. Peserta yang layak dijemput untuk melengkapkan soal selidik di kawasan awam di Kangar. Analisis deskriptif mengenai ciri-ciri sosiodemografi, sejarah perubatan, pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan kendiri terhadap DM telah dilakukan. Ujian t-test dan korelasi Spearman telah digunakan untuk menilai hubungan antara sosiodemografi, sejarah perubatan, pengetahuan, dan sikap masyarakat di Kangar dengan amalan kendiri terhadap DM. Regresi linear berganda digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan di antara pembolehubah dalam kajian ini. Sebanyak 319 responden bersetuju dan mengambil bahagian dalam kajian ini. Kebanyakan responden ialah perempuan (66.5%), Melayu (94%), dan mempunyai pendidikan tinggi (51.7%). Secara keseluruhan, kebanyakan peserta mempunyai skor pengetahuan (80.3%), sikap (98.4%), dan amalan kendiri (97.2%) yang baik terhadap DM. Hubungan positif yang signifikan secara statistik didapati antara usia, tahap pendidikan, dan skor sikap dengan amalan kendiri terhadap DM (p<0.05). Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa program pendidikan mengenai rawatan kendiri DM harus bermula seawal dari peringkat sekolah untuk menjelaskan tentang pengurusan DM yang betul.
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