The Malaysian skincare industry is growing rapidly with a vast number of new sunscreens being produced annually. Inadequate skincare regulations and lack of enforcement have resulted in the overrating of sunscreens’ quality. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the local and international sunscreens and to determine the effects of adding concentrated antioxidants into them. Three local and three internationally manufactured sunscreens were tested for the in vitro Ultraviolet A protection factor (UVAPF), Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and photostability. The creams were spread onto roughened polymethylmethacrylate plates where the absorbance was measured using a spectrophotometer before and after two hours of sunlight irradiation. The procedure was repeated combining available concentrated vitamin C and E creams. International sunscreens were found to have more accurate SPF labels (p=0.009) while local sunscreens were found to be more photostable (p=0.003). However, both sunscreens had inadequate UVAPF (p=0.471). Vitamin C enhanced the SPF values (p= 0.04) of both groups of sunscreens while vitamin E enhanced their photostability (p=0.000). Interestingly, combining vitamins C and E rich creams with the sunscreens had no effect on the SPF and UVAPF values as compared to the use of a single vitamin. More importantly, the combination of vitamins decreased the photostability (p=0.002) of sunscreens as compared to the addition of vitamin E alone. In conclusion, photoprotection is best achieved when sunscreens are used together with creams containing either vitamin C or E alone.
Photoprotective Measures of Selected Sunscreens and Their Antioxidant Adjuvantion Effects in the Malaysian Climate
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Abstrak
Industri penjagaan kulit Malaysia sedang berkembang maju dengan memperlihatkan peningkatan bilangan krim pelindung cahaya matahari yang dihasilkan setiap tahun. Kekurangan peraturan dan kawalan dalam aspek penjagaan kesihatan kulit menyebabkan ketidaktentuan kualiti krim pelindung cahaya matahari. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan keberkesanan dan keselamatan krim pelindung cahaya matahari tempatan berbanding dengan krim antarabangsa serta kesan penambahan antioksidan asli ke dalam krim-krim tersebut. Tiga krim tempatan dan tiga krim luar negara telah dikaji untuk menentukan faktor pencegahan ultraviolet A (UVAPF), faktor pencegahan cahaya (SPF) dan fotostabiliti secara in vitro. Sampel krim disapu pada plat polimetilmetakrilat yang kasar di mana penyerapan cahaya dibaca dengan spektrofotometer sebelum dan selepas dua jam pendedahan kepada radiasi cahaya. Kaedah yang sama diulangi dengan menambahkan krim pekat vitamin C dan E yang terdapat dalam pasaran. Krim dari luar negara didapati mempunyai label SPF yang jitu (p=0.009) manakala krim tempatan adalah lebih stabil terhadap cahaya (p=0.003). Walau bagaimanapun, kedua-dua krim tidak mempunyai UVAPF yang cukup (p=0.471). Penambahan vitamin C meningkatkan nilai SPF (p=0.04) kedua-dua krim manakala vitamin E meningkatkan fotostabiliti (p=0.000) mereka. Penambahan kombinasi vitamin C dan E kepada krim pelindung cahaya matahari dengan menariknya tidak mengubah nilai SPF dan UVAPF berbanding dengan penambahan satu vitamin secara berasingan. Yang pentingnya, kombinasi vitamin menurunkan fotostabiliti (p=0.002) krim berbanding dengan penambahan vitamin E sahaja. Kesimpulannya, pelindungan terhadap cahaya terbaik dicapai melalui penggunaan krim pelindung cahaya bersama dengan krim yang mengandungi hanya salah satu vitamin C atau E sahaja.
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