The use of simulation as a teaching methodology in medical institutions has been in Malaysia for over two decades. This study aimed to evaluate the current scenarios of simulation impact and utilization in Malaysian academic healthcare institutions (AHIs). We conducted a population-based survey on all AHIs in Malaysia including public and private. We performed an online survey followed by a face-to-face interview evaluating the number of institutions that used simulation, duration of experience, purpose, funding, users’ category and healthcare domain, research activities, dedicated-trained staff and the challenges faced. Out of 75 healthcare institutions approached, 38 agreed to participate in this study. Twenty-two (57.9%) were public hospitals while 16 (42.1%) were private institutions. Thirty-five (92.1%) out of 38 institutions used simulation as a teaching method. The majority (15, 42.9%) had less than five years’ experience, and about a third (11, 31.4%) used simulation for teaching, training and performance assessment. Nurses (30, 26.1%) were the main users followed by physicians and paramedic (19, 16.5% each respectively). In-hospital and procedural group were the top two domains of utilizers. Almost three quarters (25, 71.4%) have dedicated support staff to manage the centre. Funding was mainly from internal institutional support mechanisms. Seven different categories of challenges were identified, the biggest being financial support. In summary, even though healthcare simulation has been in Malaysia for the past two decades but the most substantial impact happened over the last five years. Utilization was mainly for teaching, training, and performance assessment with minimal use in research.
Influence of Simulation in Malaysian Healthcare Education and Research (ISIM-HERE): A Two-Decade Experience
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Penggunaan simulasi sebagai metodologi pengajaran di institusi kesihatan telah berada di Malaysia semenjak dua dekad. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kesan simulasi pada senario semasa dan penggunaan di Institusi Pendidikan Kesihatan (AHIs) di Malaysia. Kami telah menjalankan soal selidik ke atas semua populasi AHIs di Malaysia termasuk awam dan swasta. Kami menjalankan soal selidik secara atas talian diikuti dengan temubual secara bersemuka dan menilai jumlah institusi yang menggunakan simulasi, tempoh pengalaman, tujuan, pembiayaan, kategori pengguna dan domain kesihatan, aktiviti penyelidikan, kakitangan yang terlatih serta cabaran yang dihadapi. Daripada 75 insititusi kesihatan yang dihubungi, 38 telah bersetuju untuk mengambil bahagian dalam kajian ini. Dua puluh dua (57.9%) adalah institusi awam manakala 16 (42.1%) adalah institusi swasta. Tiga puluh lima (92.1%) daripada 38 institusi menggunakan simulasi sebagai kaedah pengajaran. Majoriti (15, 42.9%) mempunyai pengalaman kurang dari lima tahun, dan kira-kira satu per tiga (11, 31.4%) menggunakan simulasi untuk pengajaran, latihan dan penilaian prestasi. Jururawat (30, 26.1%) adalah pengguna utama diikuti oleh doktor dan paramedik (19, 16.5% ). Perawat di hospital dan kumpulan yang menjalankan prosedur adalah dua domain utama sebagai penguna. Hampir tiga suku (25, 71.4%) mempunyai kakitangan sokongan yang khusus untuk menguruskan pusat tersebut. Pembiayaan utamanya adalah daripada mekanisme sokongan dalaman institusi. Tujuh kategori cabaran berbeza telah dikenal pasti, di mana sokongan kewangan adalah yang terbesar. Kesimpulannya, walaupun simulasi penjagaan kesihatan telah berada di Malaysia selama dua dekad tetapi kesan paling besar hanya berlaku dalam tempoh lima tahun yang lalu. Penggunaan terutamanya adalah untuk pengajaran, latihan dan penilaian prestasi dengan minimum dalam penyelidikan.
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