Leptin is a hormone that regulates the energy intake and expenditure which is encoded by leptin gene. Leptin gene variants were studied comprehensively in relation with body weight status, but the evidences were indecisive. This study was to determine the association between leptin gene variants, G2548A, H1328080 and A19G with obesity and its attributes in Terengganu, Malaysian population. This study involved a total of 249 Malay subjects (101 healthy adults with normal BMI as the control group and 148 overweight and obese subjects). The anthropometrics data were obtained, blood samples were collected for genetic markers and lipid profile analyses. PCR-RFLP technique was performed to determine the genotype and allele distribution of leptin gene variants. The genotypic and allelic frequencies of leptin gene variants presented no significant difference between groups, G2548A (P = 0.93 and 0.74); H1328080 (P = 0.58 and 0.56); and A19G (P = 0.72 and 0.38) correspondingly. However, there was statistical significant difference between triglyceride level and genotypes of G2548A variant (P = 0.016); between total cholesterol level and H1328080 genotypes (P = 0.027). In addition, multivariate logistic regression projected the male gender (adjusted OR= 26.27; CI= 1.06-1.25; P = 0.009), waist circumference (adjusted OR = 1.15; CI = 1.06-1.25; P = 0.001) and body fat percentage (adjusted OR = 1.43; CI = 1.20-1.70; P<0.001) were the independent risk factors for obesity. The data suggest G2548A, H1328080 and A19G variants were not associated with obesity. However, waist circumference and body fat percentage may increase risk for obesity in Malay population.
Effects of Leptin Gene Variants on Obesity and Its Attributes in Malay Population
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Abstrak
Leptin adalah hormon yang mengawal pengambilan dan pengeluaran tenaga yang dikodkan oleh gen leptin. Varian gen leptin telah dikaji secara komprehensif berhubung dengan status berat badan, tetapi bukti-bukti itu tidak muktamad. Kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan hubungan antara varian gen leptin, G2548A, H1328080 dan A19G dengan obesiti serta sifatnya dalam kalangan penduduk di Terengganu, Malaysia. Kajian ini melibatkan seramai 249 subjek Melayu (101 orang dewasa yang sihat dengan BMI biasa sebagai kumpulan kawalan dan 148 subjek berat badan berlebihan dan obes). Data antropometrik diperoleh, sampel darah telah diambil untuk analisa bagi penanda genetik dan profil lemak. Teknik PCRRFLP dilakukan untuk menentukan pembahagian genotip dan alel bagi gen varian leptin. Frekuensi genotip dan allelik varian gen leptin tidak menunjukkan perbezaan yang signifikan antara kumpulan, G2548A (P = 0.93 dan 0.74); H1328080 (P = 0.58 dan 0.56); dan A19G (P = 0.72 dan 0.38). Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat perbezaan secara statistik antara tahap trigliserida dan genotip varian G2548A (P = 0.016); antara tahap kolesterol dan genotip H1328080 (P = 0.027). Disamping itu, regresi logistik multivariat memperlihatkan jantina lelaki (OR = 26.27; CI = 1.06-1.25; P = 0.009), ukur lilit pinggang (OR = 1.15; CI = 1.06-1.25; P = 0.001) dan peratus lemak badan (OR = 1.43; CI = 1.20-1.70; P<0.001) adalah faktor risiko bebas untuk obesiti. Data mencadangkan bahawa varian G2548A, H1328080 dan A19G tidak dikaitkan dengan obesiti. Walau bagaimanapun, ukur lilit pinggang dan peratusan lemak badan menyumbang kepada peningkatan risiko obesiti dalam populasi Melayu.
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