Knowledge about exposure to lead among children is still not good among parents in Malaysia. The purpose of this study was to translate the English version of the original Chicago Lead Knowledge Test (CLKT) into the Malay (local) language systematically and to suit the background culture and language of this country. The steps of systematic translation followed the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcome Research (ISPOR) standard which consists of preparation, forward translation, reconciliation, backward translation, backward translation review, harmonisation, cognitive debriefing, review of cognitive debriefing and finalisation, proofreading, and final report. The total number of items remained at 24, where one item was deleted, one item was revised, and one item was added into the instrument. All four themes; general knowledge, exposure, prevention and nutrition in this questionnaire were maintained. The response scale, answer scheme, and the scoring system remained the same. Most of the English items had direct translation to Malay language except for items 5, 7, 12, 20 and 22. The mean (+SD) and interquartile range (IQR) for total knowledge score was 9.50 + 2.45 marks and 5 marks, respectively. The lowest score was 4 marks and the highest score was 13 marks. This was be the first known study to utilise the systematic and standardised approaches in the cross-cultural translation and adaptation of the CLKT in Malaysia. The CLKT’s cultural and linguistic adaptation in Malaysia may contribute to other current research particularly on lead exposure among children.
The Chicago Lead Knowledge Test-Malay Version: A Cultural and Linguistic Adaptation for the Malaysian Population
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Abstrak
Pengetahuan mengenai pendedahan plumbum (Pb) di kalangan kanak-kanak masih kurang baik di kalangan ibu bapa di Malaysia. Tujuan utama kajian ini adalah untuk menterjemahkan versi Bahasa Inggeris Chicago Lead Knowledge Test (CLKT) yang asal ke dalam Bahasa Melayu (bahasa tempatan) dan disesuaikan dengan latar belakang budaya negara ini. Langkah-langkah terjemahan adalah sistematik dan berdasarkan ‘International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcome Research’ (ISPOR) iaitu persediaan, terjemahan ke depan, perangkuman, terjemahan mundur, penilaian terjemahan mundur, penyelarasan, pembahasan kognitif, penilaian pembahasan kognitif dan semakan akhir, pembacaan pruf, dan laporan akhir. Jumlah item adalah kekal 24, di mana satu item dihapus, satu item disemak semula, dan satu item ditambah ke dalam borang soalan kaji selidik. Keempat-empat tema iaitu pengetahuan umum, pendedahan, pencegahan dan pemakanan dalam soal selidik ini dikekalkan. Skala respon, skema jawapan, dan sistem pemarkahan adalah tetap sama. Sebilangan besar item mempunyai terjemahan langsung ke bahasa Melayu kecuali item 5, 7, 12, 20, dan 22. Purata (+SD) dan julat interkuartil (IQR) untuk skor keseluruhan pengetahuan adalah 9.50 + 2.45 markah dan 5 markah masing-masing. Skor terendah adalah 4 markah dan skor tertinggi ialah 13 markah. Ini merupakan satu-satunya kajian yang menggunakan pendekatan sistematik dan standard dalam terjemahan dan penyesuaian budaya di Malaysia. Terjemahan CLKT dan penyesuaian budaya di Malaysia akan menyumbang kepada penyelidikan semasa yang lain terutamanya mengenai pendedahan Pb di kalangan kanak-kanak.
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