Transgender is a complex state of bio-psycho-social dimension of human sexuality. It encompasses cognitive-emotional-behavior component that makes the person unique in his or her sexual expression. Transgender tend to use cross-sex hormone in order to eradicate their secondary sexual characteristics and to facilitate the shift to their experienced gender. The common masculinising sex hormone use, i.e. Female to Male Treatment Options (FMTO) is testosterone and for feminising hormone i.e. Male to Female Treatment Options (MFTO) is a combination of estrogen with anti-androgen, respectively. Cross-sex hormone, i.e. FMTO, or MFTO has biological and psychological influences on the transgender individuals. Nevertheless, cross-sex hormone may also pose a range of side effect profiles, varies from the biological to psychosocial impact. The psychological impact can be paramount until it causes severe mental-health problems and even suicide. Numerous ranges of bio-psycho-social influence of cross-sex hormone were highlighted in this review as fundamental core knowledge in the art to know practice when dealing with the treatment options. In psychiatry, the change in the biological appearance may have great influence in the transgender individual, especially in the context of psychosocial and cultural perspective.
Biological and Psychological Influences of Cross-Sex Hormone in Transgender
Abstrak
Transgender adalah satu keadaan biopsikososial yang kompleks dan merupakan sebahagian daripada dimensi seksualiti manusia. Ia merangkumi komponen kognitif-emosi dan tingkah-laku yang membuatkan seseorang insan itu unik di dalam ekspresi seksualitinya. Kaum transgender cenderung untuk menggunakan hormon-silang-seks untuk mengubah keadaan dirinya menyerupai gender bertentangan yang diingini dengan cara menutupi ciri sekunder seksnya. Seks hormon yang biasa digunakan ialah: ““Female to Male Treatment Options (FMTO)” iaitu testosterone and hormon wanita pada “Male to Female Treatment Options (MFTO)”, di mana kombinasi estrogen dan anti-androgen digunakan. Hormon-silang-seks iaitu FMTO, atau MFTO mempengaruhi sifat biologi dan psikologi individu transgender. Namun begitu, hormon-silang-seks mempunyai profil kesan sampingan tertentu yang juga memberi impak biologi dan psikologi. Impak psikologi menjurus kepada masalah kesihatan mental dan bunuh-diri. Pelbagai tahap pengaruh biopsikososial kesan hormon-silang-seks diterangkan dan ulasan ini memberi ruang membincangkan kepelbagaian pilihan rawatan. Di dalam psikiatri, perubahan biologi memberi pengaruh yang besar ke atas individu transgender, terutamnaya dari aspek psikososial dan budaya.
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![Figure 2: Hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis highlighted the summary of regulation and feedback mechanism in reproduction for male and female from the higher mental centre [i.e. hypothalamus and anterior pituitary]. Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) is produced in the hypothalamus which control secretion of luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) via the hypothalamic-pituitary hypophyseal portal system. LH and FSH stimulate target reproductive organs to produce sex h](http://medicineandhealthukm.com/sites/medicineandhealthukm.com/files/manuscript/siti_noorain/fig_2_ling_cdt.jpg "Figure 2: Hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis highlighted the summary of regulation and feedback mechanism in reproduction for male and female from the higher mental centre [i.e. hypothalamus and anterior pituitary]. Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) is produced in the hypothalamus which control secretion of luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) via the hypothalamic-pituitary hypophyseal portal system. LH and FSH stimulate target reproductive organs to produce sex h")
