Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is an invasive diagnostic investigation that may result in high level of anxiety and “fear of the unknown” among cardiac patients. An increment in anxiety among PCI patients will augment the level of stress and this extreme stress level will then aggravate depression. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of anxiety and depression before and after PCI. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used. It measured two elements, namely, the anxiety and depression levels of patients before and after PCI. This study was conducted in the cardiology wards Anggerik and Dahlia, and Day Care of the National Heart Institute, from January to February 2006. A sample of 61 patients before and after PCI who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited in this study. Of these, 40 and 38 patients before and after PCI respectively, had low anxiety levels; while, 47 and 46 patients before and after PCI respectively, had low depression levels. Anxiety and depression levels before and after PCI were not significantly correlated to socio demographic status. However, a significant correlation (p<0.05) was found between anxiety and depression levels before and after PCI. The low levels of anxiety and depression seen among patients before and after PCI at National Heart Institute could possibly due to the adequate facilities and health education program provided by the physician, nurses and cardiac technician.
Anxiety and Depression among Patients Before and After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) at National Heart Institute (NHI)
Abstrak
“Percutaneous coronary intervention” (PCI) dikenalpasti sebagai salah satu prosedur diagnostik invasif yang menimbulkan kebimbangan yang tinggi di kalanganpesakit jantung. Secara tidak langsung, peningkatan tahap kebimbangan ini akan menyebabkan pesakit merasa tertekan dan lantas, mengalami kemurungan. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti tahap kebimbangan dan tahap tekanan pesakit sebelum dan selepas PCI. Kajian deskriptif keratan rentas ini menggunakan instrumen “Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale” (HADS) yang mengandungi dua elemen berkaitan dengan tahap kebimbangan dan tahap tekanan pesakit sebelum dan selepas PCI. Kajian ini telah dijalankan di wad kardiologi Anggerik dan Dahlia dan Jagaan Harian di Institut Jantung Negara (IJN) dari Januari hingga Februari 2006. Ia melibatkan seramai 61 responden yang memenuhi kriteria yang telah ditetapkan sebelum dan selepas PCI. Hasil kajian mendapati 40 dan 38 pesakit sebelum dan selepas PCI mengalami tahap kebimbangan yang rendah; seramai 47 dan 46 pesakit sebelum and selepas PCI turut mengalami tahap tekanan yang rendah. Tahap kebimbangan dan tahap tekanan sebelum and selepas PCI tiada perbezaan signifikan dengan faktor sosio demografik responden. Manakala, didapati korelasi yang signifikan (p < 0.05) di antara tahap kebimbangan dan tahap tekanan sebelum dan selepas PCI. Namun begitu, tahap kebimbangan dan tekanan yang rendah di kalangan pesakit sebelum dan selepas PCI di Insititut Jantung Negara (IJN) mungkin dipengaruhi oleh faktor seperti, kemudahan yang lengkap dan terkini serta pendidikan jagaan kesihatan yang diberikan oleh pakar kardiologi, jururawat dan juruteknik kardiak.
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Related Images
 image1.jpg "Figure 1 : Respondents before and after PCL anxiety levels.")
 image2.jpg "Figure 2 : Respondents before and after PCI depression levels.")
 table1.jpg "Table 1: Respondent before and after PCI anxiety and depression levels.")
 table2.jpg "Table 2 : Respondents’ socio demographic data")
 table3.jpg "Table 2A : Respondents’ demographic data in relation to before and after PCI, anxiety levels")
 table4.jpg "Table 2B : Respondents’ socio demographic data in relation to before and after PCI, depression levels")
